Evaluation of tissue in repair with natural latex and / or hyaluronic acid in surgical bone defects

Abstract This study evaluated the bone repair in surgical defects of rats treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) associated or not with Hevea brasiliensis fraction protein (F-1). Bone defect were created in 15 albino Wistar rats divided into 3 groups (n=5): Control group (1) - blood clot; HA group (2) - 0.5% hyaluronic acid; HAF1 group (3) - 0.1% F-1 protein fraction dissolved in 0.5% hyaluronic acid. After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the bone repair was evaluated through histomorphometric analysis, zymography and immunohistochemistry. The neoformed bone area did not show a significant difference (p = 0.757), but there was a tendency for bone trabeculation to increase in the groups HA and HAF1. For immunohistochemically analysis, there was a difference in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) labeling (p = 0.023), being higher in the groups HA and HAF1 than the control group. No significant difference in bone sialoprotein (BSP) (p = 0.681), osteocalcin (p = 0.954), however, significant difference in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD-31) (p = 0.040), with HAF1 group being significantly lower than the control. For zymographic analysis, there was no significant difference for metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (p = 0.068), but there was a tendency to increase MMP-2 in the HA group. Despite the influence on angiogenic factors and the apparent tendency for greater trabeculation in the HA and HAF1 groups, there was no significant difference in the area of ​​newly formed bone tissue in the analyzed period.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o reparo ósseo em defeitos cirúrgicos de ratos tratados com ácido hialurônico (AH) associado ou não à fração proteica de Hevea brasiliensis (F-1). Foram criados defeitos ósseos em 15 ratos albinos Wistar divididos em 3 grupos (n = 5): Grupo controle (1) - coágulo sanguíneo; Grupo HA (2) - ácido hialurônico 0,5%; Grupo HAF1 (3) - fração proteica F-1 0,1% dissolvida em ácido hialurônico a 0,5%. Após 4 semanas, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e o reparo ósseo avaliado por meio de análise histomorfométrica, zimografia e imunohistoquímica. A área óssea neoformada não apresentou diferença significativa (p = 0,757), mas houve tendência de aumento da trabeculação óssea nos grupos HA e HAF1. Para a análise imunoistoquímica, houve diferença na marcação do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) (p = 0,023), sendo maior nos grupos HA e HAF1 do que no grupo controle. Nenhuma diferença significativa na sialoproteína óssea (BSP) (p = 0,681), osteocalcina (p = 0,954), no entanto, diferenças significativas foram encontradas para a molécula de adesão de células endoteliais plaquetárias-1 (CD-31) (p = 0,040), com o grupo HAF1 sendo significativamente inferior ao controle. Para a análise zimográfica, não houve diferença significativa para metaloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (p = 0,068), mas houve tendência de aumento da MMP-2 no grupo HA. Apesar da influência sobre os fatores angiogênicos e da aparente tendência de maior trabeculação nos grupos HA e HAF1, não houve diferença significativa na área de tecido ósseo neoformado no período analisado.

Bone callus formation is highly disrupted by dietary restriction in growing rats sustaining a femoral fracture

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of food restriction on fracture healing in growing rats. Methods: Sixty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: (1) Control and (2) Dietary restriction. After weaning the dietary restricted animals were fed ad libitum for 42 days with 50% of the standard chow ingested by the control group. Subsequently, the animals underwent bone fracture at the diaphysis of the right femur, followed by surgical stabilization of bone fragments. On days 14 and 28 post-fracture, the rats were euthanized, and the fractured femurs were dissected, the callus was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry, mechanical tests, and gene expression. Results: Dietary restriction decreased body mass gain and resulted in several phenotypic changes at the bone callus (a delay in cell proliferation and differentiation, lower rate of newly formed bone and collagen deposition, reductions in bone callus density and size, decrease in tridimensional callus volume, deterioration in microstructure, and reduction in bone callus strength), together with the downregulated expression of osteoblast-related genes. Conclusion: Dietary restriction had detrimental effects on osseous healing, with a healing delay and a lower quality of bone callus formation.

Undernutrition impairs the quality of growth plate and trabecular and cortical bones in growing rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of dietary restriction on the growth plate and long bone tissue in growing rats. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: Control (Con) and Diet-restricted (Res). After weaning, the Res rats were offered 50% of the chow ingested by the control (ad libitum food intake). The animals were subdivided into two subgroups with follow-ups up to 56 or 70 days. After euthanasia, the growth plate of tibias was analyzed by histomorphometry, micro-computed tomography, and mechanical test. The trabecular and compact bones were evaluated by histomorphometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and micro-computed tomography (μCT). Real-time PCR was used to analyze gene expression. Results: Although dietary restriction did not alter gene expression, several phenotypic changes were seen in the growth plate; i.e., decrease in volume, reduction in total area and height, decrease in the area ossified zones, mechanical weakening, reduction in mass of trabecular and cortical bone, lower bone density, deterioration of the trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, and trabeculae with lower collagen deposition. Conclusion: Dietary restriction had severe detrimental effects on the growth plate and trabecular and cortical bone.

Nandrolone decanoate appears to increase bone callus formation in young adult rats after a complete femoral fracture

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the influence of nandrolone decanoate on fracture healing and bone quality in normal rats. Methods: Male rats were assigned to four groups (n=28/group): Control group consisting of animals without any intervention, Nandrolone decanoate (DN) group consisting of animals that received intramuscular injection of nandrolone decanoate, Fracture group consisting of animals with a fracture at the mid-diaphysis of the femur, and Fracture and nandrolone decanoate group consisting of animals with a femur fracture and treatment with nandrolone decanoate. Fractures were created at the mid-diaphysis of the right femur by a blunt trauma and internally fixed using an intramedullary steel wire. The DN was injected intramuscularly twice per week (10 mg/kg of body mass). The femurs were measured and evaluated by densitometry and mechanical resistance after animal euthanasia. The newly formed bone and collagen type I levels were quantified in the callus. Results: The treated animals had longer femurs after 28 days. The quality of the intact bone was not significantly different between groups. The bone callus did show a larger mass in the treated rats. Conclusion: The administration of nandrolone decanoate did not affect the quality of the intact bone, but might have enhanced the bone callus formation.

The human body known through the renovated museum of anatomy from the faculty of dentistry of Ribeirão Preto / Conocimiento del cuerpo humano a través del renovado museo de anatomía de la facultad de odontología de Ribeirão Preto

The present work aimed to preserve anatomical specimens to improve the quality of education, prepare supporting materials, and present lectures on the anatomy of the nervous system for public school students. Anatomical specimens related to the nervous system were photographed and named, and acrylic containers filled with formaldehyde were made for the accommodation of these specimens. After research on the subject a handbook and a banner were prepared, enriching the collections of the museum along with the anatomical specimens, in addition to the lecture and video available on "iptv.usp.br ". Meetings between the students, the teachers involved, and the members of the Secretariat of Education of Ribeirao Preto defined schools, dates, times, and duration for the lectures. A great interest and curiosity on the part of the students who attended the lectures has led to the identification of the structures of the body and correlated them with their functions as well as some of the most common illnesses. This project also explained doubts about psychotropic drugs, which in Brazil are highly diffused and awakened reflection on the importance of prevention of diseases and the risk of drugs to their users. It is concluded that the present work has enabled the extension of acquired university knowledge for the community of this city, securing the principles of culture and extension.

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo preservar especímenes anatómicos para mejorar la calidad de la educación, preparar materiales de apoyo y seminarios sobre la anatomía del sistema nervioso para estudiantes de escuelas públicas. Se fotografiaron y nombraron especímenes anatómicos relacionados con el sistema nervioso, y se prepararon contenedores de acrílico para el alojamiento de estos especímenes sumergidos en un fijador. Después de investigar sobre el tema, se confeccionó un manual y un panel, para enriquecer las colecciones del museo, junto con las piezas anatómicas, además de las conferencias y videos disponibles en la web "iptv.usp.br". Las reuniones entre los estudiantes, profesores y los miembros de la Secretaría de Educación de Ribeirão Preto permitió definir las escuelas participantes, fechas, horas, y duración de las conferencias. Se apreció gran interés y curiosidad por parte de los estudiantes que asistieron a las conferencias, quienes lograron identificar las estructuras del cuerpo y su correlación con algunas de las enfermedades más comunes. Este proyecto también permitió responder las dudas de los estudianteas sobre drogas psicotrópicas, muy difundidas en Brasil y permitió también reflexionar sobre la importancia de la prevención de enfermedades y el riesgo de contraerlas por parte de los usarios de las drogas. Se concluye que el presente trabajo ha permitido ampliar el conocimiento universitario adquirido en la comunidad de esta ciudad, asegurando los principios de cultura y extensión.

Clinical Evaluation of Residual Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate Released from Two Different Anticalculus Flosses

The aim of this study was to compare the residual content of tetrasodium pyrophosphate released by two different anticalculus dental flosses (Reach PP(r) - entangled polypropylene floss and Reach NT(r) - texturized nylon) in the oral cavity. Ten healthy individuals (aged between 18 and 30 years) were enrolled in this randomized crossover clinical investigation. Participants received instructions on daily dental flossing and the interventions were randomly performed in 2 different groups (NT or PP) of five individuals each according to the dental flosses. Individuals were instructed to use each dental floss with a total of six slides on the two interproximal aspects of target teeth (3 slides on each interproximal aspect). A washout period of one week was used before start flossing interventions and after each type of dental floss to prevent any bias related to the exposure to any product that contained the active ingredient. Samples were collected by #35 sterilized absorbent paper points from interdental fluid after flossing and assessed by ion chromatography. The levels of residual tetrasodium pyrophosphate were evaluated by means of binomial generalized linear model proportions and canonical link function. Both dental flosses were effective in tetrasodium pyrophosphate release at therapeutic levels in the interdental gingival crevicular fluid for a period of up to 2 h after use. No significant differences were found between both groups (p>0.05). It may be concluded that both material composition and physical structure of the new dental floss did not affect the release or the maintenance of anticalculus agent at therapeutic levels for a period of up to 2 h after single use.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o teor residual de pirofosfato de tetrasodio liberado por dois tipos diferentes de fio dental anti-cálculo (Reach PP(r) - polipropileno entrelaçado e Reach NT(r) - nylon texturizado) na cavidade oral. Dez indivíduos saudáveis (com idade entre 18 e 30 anos) foram selecionados para este estudo clínico em modelo crossover. Os participantes receberam instruções sobre como utilizarem os fios dentais e as intervenções foram randomicamente realizadas em 2 grupos de 5 participantes de acordo com o tipo de fio avaliado. O participantes foram instruídos a passarem cada fio dental em um total de 6 passadas ao redor dos 2 espaços interproximais dos dentes selecionados (3 passadas em cada face interproximal). Um período de washout de 1 semana foi utilizado antes do início do estudo e após cada intervenção com o objetivo de prevenir a ocorrência de viés relacionado à exposição de algum agente terapêutico. Amostras do fluido interdental após as intervenções foram avaliadas por meio de cromatografia de íons. A porcentagem residual de pirofosfato tetrassódico foi verificada empregando-se o método da cromatografia de íons, pela colheita do fluido interdental com cones de papel absorvente esterilizados. Os teores de pirofosfato tetrassódico residual foram comparados para cada fio dental e para cada tempo de colheita do fluido interdental. Não foram observadas diferenças significantes entre os grupos avaliados (p>0,05). Conclui-se que a composição do material e a estrutura física dos fios dentais não exerceram influência na liberação e na permanência do agente anti-tártaro, que permaneceu em níveis terapêuticos por um período de até 2 h após o uso único.

Biomechanical evaluation of a spinal screw fixation system by the finite element method / Evaluación biomecánica de un sistema de fijación espinal con tornillo por el método de elementos finitos

The objective of the present study was to validate virtual models for the study of dual core and cylindrical screws and evaluate the influence of the geometry of the screws on the mechanical behavior and anchoring. Two models of dual core screws were used, one with a double thread and the other with a single thread, both with a conventional cylindrical screw were used in this study. The stiffness was assessed in a pullout test using polyurethane. Three dimensional virtual models simulating the pullout test were created for finite element analysis. To validate the models, the results were correlated with the mechanical tests. Tensions generated in polyurethane and the screw were studied while simulating the application of force in the direction of the screw pullout, of force transmitted by the rod with the individual standing at rest, and the force transmitted by the rod when performing flexion of the trunk. The dual core screws generated lower tensions in the polyurethane when compared to the cylindrical screw for the forces studied. When evaluating internal tension in the screw, lower levels of tension were presented in the dual core - double thread, higher levels were observed in dual core - single thread, this screw has a smaller internal diameter which may be responsible for this higher generated tension. The dual core screws double thread proportionated good anchorage with more diameter on the region with great tension, avoiding the fracture.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue validar modelos virtuales para el estudio de tornillos cilíndricos y de pedículo de doble núcleo para evaluar la influencia de la geometría éstos en su anclaje y comportamiento mecánico. Se utilizaron dos modelos de tornillos de doble núcleo, unos de rosca doble y otros de rosca única, ambos tipos conformados por un tornillo cilíndrico convencional. La rigidez se evaluó en una prueba de retirada, utilizando poliuretano. Se crearon tres modelos virtuales tridimensionales que permitieron simular la prueba de retirada para el análisis de elementos finitos. Para validar los modelos, los resultados se correlacionaron con ensayos mecánicos. Se estudiaron las tensiones generadas en el poliuretano y el tornillo a través de la simulación de la aplicación de la fuerza en la dirección de retirada del tornillo, de la fuerza transmitida por la varilla en el individuo en reposo de pie, y la fuerza transmitida por la varilla cuando se realizaba la flexión del tronco. Los tornillos de doble núcleo generan tensiones más bajas en el poliuretano en comparación con el tornillo cilíndrico, para las mismas fuerzas estudiadas. Cuando se evalúa la tensión interna en el tornillo, se presentaron niveles más bajos de tensión en el tornillo de doble rosca, en comparación a los niveles de tensión más altos presentados en los tornillos de rosca única, presentando este tornillo un diámetro interno más pequeño que puede ser responsable de la mayor tensión. Los tornillos de doble núcleo y doble rosca proporcionan un buen anclaje con mayor diámetro y tensión en la región a tratar, evitando la fractura.

The behavior of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in post-extraction sockets / El comportamiento de matriz ósea desmineralizada (DBM) en alvéolos post-extracción

Autogenous bone grafts are considered to be the gold standard in bone regeneration because of their osteogenic activity; however, due to limited availability of intraoral donor sites and the need to resolve the demands of patients requires an alternative to these. Two male patients were submitted to implant surgery in two stages with 6 months intervals between each of them: the first was exodontia and placement of DBM graft into the socket; the second stage was the drill with a 2 mm internal diameter trephine in center of the alveolar ridge previously grafted with DBM and subsequent implant placement. The samples were analyzed under histological techniques. A very mature bone was observed at 6 months after DBM graft placement in the sockets, showing it to be a good alternative as bone graft.

Los injertos de hueso autólogo son considerados el "gold standard" en regeneración ósea debido a sus propiedades osteogénicas; sin embargo, debido a la limitada cantidad de sitios intraorales y la necesidad de resolver las necesidades de los pacientes, es que se requiere una alternativa para el mismo. Dos pacientes masculinos fueron sometidos a una cirugía de implantes en dos etapas con 6 meses de intervalo entre cada una de ellas: la primera consistió en la exodoncia y el posicionamiento del injerto de DBM en el alvéolo; la segunda etapa consistió en el fresado con una trefina de dos milímetros de diámetro interno en el centro del reborde alveolar previamente injertado con DBM y luego se posicionó el implante. Las muestras fueron analizadas bajo técnicas histológicas. Un hueso muy maduro fue observado a los 6 meses de haber injertado el DBM en los alvéolos, demostrando que podría ser una buena alternativa como injerto óseo.

Influence of the occlusal alteration in the mandible morphology of the gerbil / Influencia de la alteración oclusal en la morfología mandibular del jerbo

Considering the biomechanical aspects, many facts need to be understood on the mandible, to know which effects unilateral occlusal changes may cause on the stomatognathic system. The aim of this study was to analyze the malocclusion by unilateral teeth extraction on the mandible morphology in gerbil. We used 10 gerbils Meriones unguiculatus, young male, weighing around 50-60g, divided into two groups (n=5), an experimental group and control, which evaluated the two hemi-mandibles, with a total of 20 samples which were measured by digital pachymeter. The measures were taken: (1) length and (2) width of the mandible condyle and (3) body height in the region of mandibular 1st molar. Data from these measurements were analyzed using ANOVA and Mann-Whitney test. The results of this study showed a statistically significant difference in the three measures between experimental and control groups. The width of the mandible head (condyle) showed statistical difference between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides to teeth extraction. It was concluded that the mastication modification by unilateral teeth extraction caused an imbalance, promoting not only a modification in the craniofacial growth pattern, but also a harmful effect on the stomatognathic system of the gerbil used as an experimental model in this study.

Considerando los aspectos biomecánicos, muchos hechos deben ser entendidos sobre la mandíbula, haciendo necesario comprender cuales son los efectos que pueden causar una alteración oclusal unilateral en el sistema estomatognático. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la maloclusión por la extracción de los dientes unilaterales sobre la morfología de la mandíbula en el gerbo. Se utilizaron 10 gerbos Meriones unguiculatus, machos jóvenes, con un peso aproximado de 50-60g, divididos en dos grupos (n = 5), un grupo experimental y otro control, en los cuales se evaluaron las dos hemimandíbulas, totalizando 20 muestras que fueron medidas con un caliper digital. Las medidas tomadas fueron: (1) longitud y (2) ancho del cóndilo mandibular, y (3) la altura del cuerpo en la región de los primeros molares mandibulares. Los datos de estas mediciones se analizaron mediante la prueba ANOVA y Mann-Whitney. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las tres medidas entre los grupos experimental y control. El ancho de la cabeza de la mandíbula (cóndilo) mostró una diferencia estadística entre los lados ipsilaterales y contralaterales a la extracción dentaria. Se concluyó que existe una alteración unilateral de la masticación inducida por la extracción de dientes unilateralmente, causando un desequilibrio y promoviendo no sólo una modificación en el patrón de crecimiento craneofacial, sino también un efecto nocivo obre el sistema estomatognático del gerbo utilizado como modelo experimental en este estudio.

In vitro fluoride release and tensile bond Strength of a polymeric intra-buccal bioadhesive / Liberación in vitro de flúor y fuerza de tracción de un bioadhesivo polimérico intra-bucal

The intra-buccal polymeric bioadhesive systems that can stay adhered to the oral soft tissues for drug programmed release, with the preventive and/or therapeutic purpose has been employed for large clinical situations. A system based on hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose/Carbopol 934'/magnesium stearate (HPMC/Cp/StMg) was developed having the sodium fluoride as active principle. This kind of system was evaluated according to its resistance to the removal by means of physical test of tensile strength. Swine buccal mucosa extracted immediately after animals' sacrifice was employed as substrate for the physical trials, to obtain 16 test bodies. Artificial saliva with or without mucin was used to involve the substrate/bioadhesive system sets during the trials. Artificial salivas viscosity was determined by means of Brookfield viscometer, showing the artificial saliva with mucin 10.0 cP, and the artificial saliva without mucin 7.5 cP. The tensile strength assays showed the following averages: for the group "artificial saliva with mucin" - 12.89 Pa, and for the group "without mucin" - 12.35 Pa. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the assays for both artificial salivas, and it was possible to conclude that the variable mucin did not interfered with the bioadhesion process for the polymeric devices. The device was able to release fluoride in a safe, efficient and constant way up to 8 hours.

Los sistemas bioadhesivos poliméricos intra-bucales pueden permanecer adheridos a los tejidos blandos orales para una liberación programada de fármacos, con finalidad preventiva y/o propósito terapéutico han sido empleados en diversas situaciones clínicas. Un sistema basado en Hidroxipropilmetilcelulosa/Carbopol934Ô/ estearato de magnesio (HPMC/Cp/StMg) fue desarrollado con fluorato de sodio como principio activo. Este tipo de sistema fue evaluado de acuerdo a su resistencia a la eliminación física por medio de pruebas de resistencia a la tracción. Mucosas bucales de cerdos fueron tomadas inmediatamente después del sacrificio de los animales y se utilizaron como sustrato para las pruebas físicas, obteniendo 16 cuerpos de prueba. Saliva artificial con o sin mucina fue utilizada para participar como parte del sistema sustrato/bioadesivo durante los ensayos. La viscosidad de la saliva artificial, se determinó mediante un viscosímetro Brookfield, mostrando la saliva artificial con mucina 10,0 cP y saliva artificial sin mucina 7,5 cP. Las pruebas de resistencia a la tracción mostraron los siguientes promedios: para la "saliva artificial con mucina" - 12,89 Pa, y para el grupo "sin mucina" - 12,35 Pa. El análisis estadístico no mostró diferencias significativas entre las pruebas de saliva artificial, y es posible concluir que la variable de mucina no interfiere con el proceso de bioadhesión del dispositivo polimérico. El dispositivo fue capaz de liberar fluor de forma segura, eficiente y constante durante un máximo de hasta 8 horas.

Evaluation of some biological aspects of the presence of abrasive silica and thickening silica in basic formulations of dentifrices / Evaluación de algunos aspectos biológicos de la presencia de sílice abrasivo y sílice espesante en formulaciones básicas de dentífricos

The aim of this study was to evaluate some biological characteristics and toxicity of basic formulations of dentifrices containing such substances, and to compare them with two existing products in market which also contains silic in their formulations. In this way, it was evaluated some biological parameters: weight of the animals, oral toxicity, hematological parameters, urinary analysis, and histological evaluation. The thrombocytes were also statistically at normal levels. The glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (TGP) showed normal aspect in 5 of the tested groups, as in control. Meanwhile, the oxalacetic transaminase (AST) in one group had a small increase in the control group. Regarding urine, in exception the rats of one group, the rats of the 4 other experimental groups showed leukocytosis urinary statistically higher than the control group. The histological evaluation of the animals showed that specimens from liver, stomach, kidney and submandibular gland presented normal aspects for these organs, without significant characteristics related to inflammatory infiltrates in any of the 6 samples tested in their respective groups.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar algunas características biológicas y de toxicidad provenientes de las formulaciones básicas de dentífricos que contienen sílice en su composición y compararlos con dos dentífricos disponibles comercialmente que también presentan sílice. El análisis hematológico no mostró diferencias entre los grupos evaluados. Los niveles de trombocitos presentados por los grupos fueron también normales. La transaminasa gluámico pirúbica se mostró un aspecto normal en 5 de los grupos estudiados, así como en el grupo control. La transaminasa glutámico oxaloacética en uno de los grupos tuvo un pequeño incremento. En relación a la orina, 4 grupos presentaron leucocitosis urinaria significativamente mayor que el grupo de control. La evaluación histológica del hígado, estómago, riñones y glándulas submandibulares se presentó con aspecto normal, sin presencia de infiltrado inflamatorio.

Radiographic signals detection of systemic disease: orthopantomographic radiography

For the purposes of this report, systemic disease will be interpreted as conditions that are spread out within the body rather than localized strictly to the tissues of the oral cavity. Since it would take many volumes to review all such conditions, the intent of the authors is to review a few examples of conditions where initial panoramic radiographic findings suggested widespread disease of significance enough to affect the quality of life and longevity of the patient.

Para los propósitos de este informe, enfermedad sistémica puede ser interpretado como las condiciones que se producen dentro del cuerpo, más que estrictamente en los tejidos de la cavidad oral. Aunque habría que ocupar muchos volúmenes para revisar todas las condiciones, la intención de los autores sólo fue revisar algunos ejemplos de éstas, en las que la radiografía panorámica inicial, indica los resultados de la enfermedad generalizada, dada la suficiente importancia al afectar la calidad de vida y la longevidad del paciente.

Uso de la técnica de hibridización checkerboard ADN-ADN para la identificación de la microbiota periimplantaria: revisión bibliográfica / Use of checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for periimplantitis microbiota identification: literature review

El término Periimplantitis hace referencia a la condición de enfermedad en los tejidos de soporte de los implantes bucales. Su etiología es multifactorial, aunque la biopelícula microbiana desempeña un papel esencial en la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad. A través de técnicas de cultivo, se han identificado algunas bacterias implicadas en la etiopatogenia de las periodontopatías, entre estas, especies pertenecientes a los Géneros Fusobacterium, Prevotella y Porphyromonas. El desarrollo de técnicas de biologia molecular permite la identificación de especies bacterianas que antes no eran referidas como parte de la microbiota responsable de la patogénesis periodontal. La detección de la microbiota presente en los sacos periodontales que se originan alrededor de los implantes es necesaria para el establecimiento de la conducta terapéutica a ser instruida, más aún si se toma den consideración que las alteraciones de las estructuras de soporte están directamente relacionadas con muchos de los microorganismos presentes y constituyen una de las causas más frecuentes de fracaso del tratamiento rehabilitador con implantes. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión bibliográfica de la técnica de hibridización checkerboard ADN-ADN para la identificación de los microorganismos más frecuentemente asociados a la peri-implantitis

The periimplantitis term is characterized as a disease that affects the support implant tissues. It has a multifactorial etiology, with an important role of the biofilm on the periodontal diseases. The culture techniques use possibilited to identify bacterias responsible for periodontal alterations, as Fusobacterium, Prevotella and Porphyromonas ssp. The development of the molecular biology techniques possibilited the identification of some bacterial species, that there were not related in the literature and there were responsible for periodontal pathogenesis. The microbiota present on the periodontal pockets in overdentures may contribute in the orientation of the therapeutic procedures, considering that the structural alterations on the periodontal tissues are straightly related to microorganism presence, and it constitutes one of the causes that affect the oral rehabilitation treatment with implants. This, the aim of this study was to present a literature review of DNA-DNA hybridization technique in the identification of the microorganisms more related to periimplantitis

Newly formed bone in mandible decortication experimental model using rhBMP-2 evaluated by densitometric study / Tejido óseo neoformado en el modelo experimental de la retirada de la cortical ósea mandibular utilizando rhBMP-2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the newly formed bone, comparing two different carriers for rhBMP-2, using the decortication and nondecorticatication surgical technique in Wistar rat mandibles, evaluated by radiographic densitometry method. It was used fifty six animals according to specific treatment, which were sacrificed after 3 and 6 weeks after this. It was concluded that the decortication surgical technique was able to optimize the osteoinduction properties of the rhBMP-2, independently of the material carrier used and the period of time, according to radiographic densitometry technique.

El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la neoformación ósea con la densitometría radiográfica, comparando dos transportadores diferentes para el rhBMP-2, mediante la técnica quirúrgica con o sin la retirada previa de la cortical ósea, en mandíbulas de ratas Wistar. Fueron utilizados 56 animales, de acuerdo con el tratamiento específico, sacrificados después de 3 y 6 semanas. La densitometría radiográfica permitió concluir que la técnica quirúrgica de retirada de la cortical puede optimizar las características osteoinductoras del rhBMP-2, independientemente del transportador usado y del tiempo transcurrido.

Morphological Characterization of the Leukocytes in Circulating Blood of the Turtle (Phrynops hilarii) / Caracterización Morfológica de Leucocitos Circulantes en la Sangre de la Tortuga (Phrynops hilarii)

The Phrynops hilarii specie of turtle has its characterization not well defined in the literature, it was proposed in this study the leukocyte characterization of the blood, stained by Leishman and analyzed under light and transmission electron microscope. It was not observe any cellular type with similar characteristics to neutrophils in mammalian group. We believed, based on the data obtained in this study that the heterophils have a morphofuncional analogy with another neutrophils belonged to mammalian group. This conclusion is being supported in many recent studies found in the literature.

La especie de tortuga Phrynops hilarii no ha sido aún bien descrita en la literatura. Fue propuesto en este estudio la caracterización de leucocitos de sangre de este animal coloreados con el método de Leishman y analizados con microscopías de luz y electrónica. No fue observado ningún tipo celular con características similares a los neutrófilos de mamíferos. Los resultados indican que los heterófilos tienen analogía morfofuncional con otros neutrófilos presentes en el grupo de los mamíferos. Esta conclusión es sustentada por varios estudios recientes encontrados en la literatura.

Microwave Fixation in Rat Fetuses Tissues: Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis / Fijación de tejidos de Fetos de Ratas por Microondas: Análisis Histológico e Inmunohistoquímico

The aim of this study was to show the microwaves action in fixation of rat fetuses, dermal and cartilaginous tissues, using histological and immunohistochemistry methods for analysis. It was possible to conclude in this study using the rat as experimental model that the two methods for antibody retrieval, presented an excellent ways for the use of Ki67 antibody in the immunohistochemical analysis.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la acción de las microondas en la fijación de los tejidos dérmico y cartilaginoso de fetos de ratas, usando para el análisis métodos histológico e inmunohistoquímico. Fue posible concluir en este estudio usando la rata como modelo experimental, que los dos métodos empleados para la recuperación antigénica representan excelentes medios para el uso del anticuerpo Ki67, en el análisis inmunohistoquímico.

Histological Evaluation of the Bone Repair Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Combined to a Material Carrier / Evaluación Histológica del Proceso de Reparación Ósea Utilizando Agregado Trióxido Mineral Combinado a un Material Cargador

The aim of this study was to present a possible carrier for MTA, monoolein gel, with the objective to maintain this material in the place that was inserted and verify if this procedure is able to optimize its action. The data were evaluated by histomorphometric method and submitted to statistical analysis. The histological responses observed in this study indicate that the MTA is a reliable material and should be considered effective in bone periapical defects and the monoolein gel was capable to maintain the MTA in situ.

El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar el gel de monoleína como un posible cargador para el MTA y verificar si es capaz de optimizar su acción. Los datos obtenidos fueron evaluados por métodos histomorfométricos y sometidos a análisis estadístico. El resultado histológico reveló que el MTA es un material efectivo para utilizarlo en defectos óseos periapicales y que el gel de monoleína es capaz de mantener el MTA in situ.

Evaluation of the use of film holders by undergraduation students

Film holder is used for the Intrabuccal Radiographic Technique (Entrance 453, Ministry of Health, Brazil). This procedure seeks radioprotection, lowering technique mistakes. However, patient's collaboration is necessary to adapt the device. The purpose of this research study is to evaluate the effectiveness of HanShin (Japan), Indusbelo and Imagem (Brazil), and Rinn (USA) X-Ray film positioners as: 1) Technical quality and 2) Comfort (adaptation), correlating to patient's cooperation (Discipline of Integrated Clinical Diagnosis -2000 and 2001-FORP/USP). The methodology applied was: 1st) Protocol of Mistake in Radiographic Technique with film holders and 2nd) Interview Questionnaire to obtain information regarding comfort of the film holders (C=Cooperative; LC= Little Cooperative and NC=Non-Cooperative). During clinical activities each student x-rayed three patients (Apparel of X-Rays 70KVp, 10mA, E Film, Radiographic Processing) and in each patient, a film holder brand was used. As a result of 224 patients' studied, 1179 radiographs were obtained, 255 of those presenting "technique mistakes”, according to the brand of the film holder: 16 percent HanShin, 10 percent Indusbelo, 31 percent Rinn, 33 percent Imagem and 33 percent bisecting line technique (without film holder). Regarding comfort the following results were obtained: HanShin C=95 percent, LC=4 percent and NC=1 percent; Indusbelo C=89 percent, LC=6 percentand NC=5 percent; Imagem C=95 percent, LC=3 percent and NC=2 percent and Rinn C=60 percent, LC=25 percent and NC=15 percent. It was concluded that the brands Hanshin, Imagem and Indusbelo are suitable for dental radiographic exam and that the Rinn brand produces more discomfort, because its size dimensions are not ideal for the size and form pattern of the Dental Arch in the population used in this study.

El posicionador porta películas está indicado en la Técnica Radiográfica Intraoral (Resolución 453, Ministerio de la Salud, Brasil). Este procedimiento permite la radio protección, minimizando el error de técnica; sin embargo, es necesaria la colaboración del paciente para la adaptación del dispositivo. El objetivo de esta investigación-enseñanza fue evaluar la efectividad de los posicionadores de marcas HanShin (Japón), Indusbelo, Imagem (Brasil) y Rinn (USA), en relación a: 1) Calidad Técnica y 2) Confort (adaptación) correlacionándolo con la colaboración del paciente (Disciplina de Diagnóstico Clínico Integrado-2000 y 2001-FORP/USP). Como metodología de investigación se utilizaron: 1ª)Protocolo de Errores de Técnica Radiográfica con Posicionador y 2º) Cuestionario de entrevista para la obtención de las informaciones relativas a la comodidad del posicionador (C=Cooperaba; CP=Cooperaba poco y NC=No cooperaba). Durante las actividades clínicas, cada alumno radiografió a tres pacientes (Aparato de Rayos X, 70kvp, 10mA, Film E, Procesamiento Radiográfico Manual) y en cada paciente se utilizó una marca de posicionador. Como resultado de la atención de 224 pacientes, se obtuvieron 1179 radiografías; de ellas, 255 presentaron “errores de técnica”, debido a la marca del posicionador: 16 por ciento HanShin; 10 por ciento Indusbelo; 31 por ciento Rinn; 33 por ciento Imagem, y Técnica da Bissetriz, sin posicionador, 33 por ciento. En relación al confort, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: HanShin C=95 por ciento, CP=4 por ciento y NC=1 por ciento; Indusbelo C=89 por ciento, CP=6 por ciento y NC=5 por ciento; Imagem C=95 por ciento, CP=3 por ciento y NC=2 por ciento y Rinn C=60 por ciento, CP=25 por ciento y NC=15 por ciento. Se concluye que las marcas Hanshin, Imagem e Indusbelo son las indicadas para el examen radiográfico odontológico y que la marca Rinn produce más incomodidad.

Clinical and Histochemical Alterations of the Periodontal Ligament in Gerbils after Malocclusion Induced / Alteraciones Clínicas e Histoquímicas del Ligamento Periodontal en Gerbiles Después de Maloclusión Inducida

The aim of this article is to show the clinical and histochemical alterations of the first periodontal ligament, on the right side, after upper molars teeth extraction on the left side in gerbils. After two months, the periodontal ligaments were removed and processed for histochemical analysis. The data showed that TRAP reaction was able to evidence the osteoclastic activity in the hyperfunction hemimandible, right side, explaining the functional changes in the periodontal ligament after teeth extraction, and a little gingival recession and radicular exposure of teeth without function was observed at inferior molars of the left side.

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar las alteraciones clínicas e histoquímicas del primer ligamento periodontal del lado derecho, después de la extracción del molar superior izquierdo en gerbiles {Meriones unguiculatus). Luego de dos meses, los ligamentos periodontales fueron retirados y procesados para el análisis histoquímico. Los resultados mostraron que la reacción de TRAP es capaz de evidenciar la actividad osteoclástica en la hiperfunción de la semimandíbula derecha, explicando los cambios funcionales del ligamento periodontal después de la extracción dental, siendo observada una pequeña recesión gingival y exposición radicular de los dientes sin función, en los molares inferiores izquierdos.

Morphodigital Study of the Mandibular Trabecular Bone in Panoramic Radiographs / Estudio Morfodigital del Trabeculado Óseo Mandibular en Radiografías Panorámicas

The aim of this study was to correlate the morphodigital characteristics of the trabecular mandibular bone, in this way, it is possible to observe osteoporosis clue in patients of both sex, using panoramic radiograph for analysis. The results of this study showed statistical difference between men and women considering the bone trabecular measures (p<0.05), but it was not found statistical difference between the sides in each analyzed group (p>0.05). Male group presented a more strongly trabecular and complex bone than the female group, this finding is important index to osteoporotic risk, being possible to affirm that the male bone is less probable to suffer a osteoporotic fracture.

El objetivo de este estudio fue correlacionar las características morfodigitales del trabeculado óseo mandibular para de esta manera, verificar indicios de señales de osteoporosis, utilizando para esto, radiografías panorámicas de pacientes de ambos sexos. Los resultados del estudio mostraron diferencias entre los grupos masculino y femenino, en la cuantificación de hueso trabecular mandibular (p<0,05), pero no se encontraron diferencias enter los lados derecho e izquierdo en cada grupo analizado (p>0,05). El grupo masculino presentó un padrón óseo trabecular más compleo y fuerte que el grupo femenino. Este hallazgo puede ser un importante indicador en cuanto a los riesgos de osteoporosis, por ejemplo, siendo posible afirmar que los huesos de los individuos del grupo masculino están menos sujetos a riesgo de fractura por osteoporosis.